Enviromental Pollutants
| Parameters | Sources | Effects |
|
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2) |
Naturally in the atmosphere by lighting. Other sources are plants, soil and
water. Major source is however natural formation. Burning of fossil fuel, coal, gas, motor vehicle exhaust, metal refining, coal fired power stations, food processing industries, combustion of gasoline in automobiles, microbial processes in soils, use of manure as a fertilizer, storage and handling of livestock manure, poultry, dairy farm, manufacturing of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic fibres, biomass burning (destroying crop waste to clear field for next crop), human and animal waste, sewage plants, microbial activity in soil under natural vegetation, microbial activity in oceans, atmospheric chemical reactions etc. |
• Likelihood of increased likelihood of respiratory problem, • Inflammation to the lining of lungs, • long term exposure can reduce immunity of lungs, wheezing, coughing, • phlegm, flue, bronchitis, Significant impact on people with Asthma, • children with Asthma and old people with heart disease are at risk, • lung function decrement, • formation of acid rain which affects sensitive ecosystem, i.e. lakes forests etc., • Haziness in air due to nitrate particles causes nutrient pollution in coastal areas. • Air pollutant and contributes to formation of photochemical smog which affects human health. |
|
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
Industrial installations, Burning of fossil fuel by power plants, extracting metal from ores, locomotives, ships, other vehicles, volcanoes, heavy equipment that burn fuel with high sulphur content, petrol refineries, chemical manufacturing industries, mineral ore processing plants, aluminium smelting, steel making, |
• It affects nose, throat, airways and respiratory system,
• It makes breathing difficult, cause coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a tight feeling around the chest. •Harmful for children and elderly people suffering from Asthma, forms particles by reacting with other compounds in the atmosphere and contribute to PM pollution and reduction in visibility due to formation of sulphates (haze), • Deposition of particles can stain statue and monuments and can harm them, • Can harm trees and plants damaging foliages and decreasing growth, • Contributes to formation of acid rain which affects ecosystem, can constrict the bronchi and increase mucous flow, making breathing difficult. • SO2 can also aggravate existing heart and lung diseases. Subjective symptoms, such as headaches and nausea due to long term exposure, • May also damage stone and masonry, paint, various fibbers, paper, leather, and electrical components. Accelerates the decay of building materials and paints. May cause coughing, wheezing, phlegm and asthma attacks, • It is toxic and corrosive and affects skin too, the gas irritates or burns the eyes. • Permanent damage including blindness can result. Direct contact with the liquefied gas can freeze the eye. Permanent eye damage or blindness can result. Exposure to 100 parts of sulfur dioxide per million parts of air (ppm) is considered immediately dangerous to life and health |
| PM2.5 | Automobile exhaust emission, formation due to complex chemical reaction of gases SO2 and NOx generated from exhaust emission, power plants etc, construction sites, unpaved roads, fields, smokestacks or fires | can also exacerbate lung and heart conditions, fine particles causes reduced visibility and haze, |
| Ozone (O3) | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | ||
| Carbon Monoxide (CO) | ||
| PM10 | ||
| Lead (Pb) | ||
Enviromental Pollutants
| Parameters | Sources | Effects |
|
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2) |
Naturally in the atmosphere by lighting. Other sources are plants, soil and
water. Major source is however natural formation. Burning of fossil fuel, coal, gas, motor vehicle exhaust, metal refining, coal fired power stations, food processing industries, combustion of gasoline in automobiles, microbial processes in soils, use of manure as a fertilizer, storage and handling of livestock manure, poultry, dairy farm, manufacturing of synthetic fertilizers and synthetic fibres, biomass burning (destroying crop waste to clear field for next crop), human and animal waste, sewage plants, microbial activity in soil under natural vegetation, microbial activity in oceans, atmospheric chemical reactions etc. |
• Likelihood of increased likelihood of respiratory problem, • Inflammation to the lining of lungs, • long term exposure can reduce immunity of lungs, wheezing, coughing, • phlegm, flue, bronchitis, Significant impact on people with Asthma, • children with Asthma and old people with heart disease are at risk, • lung function decrement, • formation of acid rain which affects sensitive ecosystem, i.e. lakes forests etc., • Haziness in air due to nitrate particles causes nutrient pollution in coastal areas. • Air pollutant and contributes to formation of photochemical smog which affects human health. |
|
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) |
Industrial installations, Burning of fossil fuel by power plants, extracting metal from ores, locomotives, ships, other vehicles, volcanoes, heavy equipment that burn fuel with high sulphur content, petrol refineries, chemical manufacturing industries, mineral ore processing plants, aluminium smelting, steel making, |
• It affects nose, throat, airways and respiratory system,
• It makes breathing difficult, cause coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a tight feeling around the chest. •Harmful for children and elderly people suffering from Asthma, forms particles by reacting with other compounds in the atmosphere and contribute to PM pollution and reduction in visibility due to formation of sulphates (haze), • Deposition of particles can stain statue and monuments and can harm them, • Can harm trees and plants damaging foliages and decreasing growth, • Contributes to formation of acid rain which affects ecosystem, can constrict the bronchi and increase mucous flow, making breathing difficult. • SO2 can also aggravate existing heart and lung diseases. Subjective symptoms, such as headaches and nausea due to long term exposure, • May also damage stone and masonry, paint, various fibbers, paper, leather, and electrical components. Accelerates the decay of building materials and paints. May cause coughing, wheezing, phlegm and asthma attacks, • It is toxic and corrosive and affects skin too, the gas irritates or burns the eyes. • Permanent damage including blindness can result. Direct contact with the liquefied gas can freeze the eye. Permanent eye damage or blindness can result. Exposure to 100 parts of sulfur dioxide per million parts of air (ppm) is considered immediately dangerous to life and health |
| PM2.5 | Automobile exhaust emission, formation due to complex chemical reaction of gases SO2 and NOx generated from exhaust emission, power plants etc, construction sites, unpaved roads, fields, smokestacks or fires | can also exacerbate lung and heart conditions, fine particles causes reduced visibility and haze, |
| Ozone (O3) | ||
| Ammonia (NH3) | ||
| Carbon Monoxide (CO) | ||
| PM10 | ||
| Lead (Pb) | ||
